Line英会話クラス

Lesson Plan March 24, 2023

Topic: All, Most, Some, Any, No / None

In this lesson we will be looking at how to we use determiners in our everyday conversations.

Section A

There are two groups of determiners

Group A
a / an, the
my, your, his, her, its, our, your their, one’s, whose
this these, that those

Group B
all, most, some, any, no / none
* there are more examples of determiners, but for our lesson we will look at these ones

We can use Group B determiners alone, without nouns. However, if we want to put a Group B determiners before a Group A determiners, we have to use of

Group B + of + Group A

Remember, when we use two determiners we need to us of to connect them, we cannot usually put two determiners together.

• We can say the house, my house, or this house but not the my house or the this house or this my house

Section B

Here are some examples of Group B determiners + noun; when we speak in general often we use only a Group B determiner

• Most children like playing outside. (NOT most of children) (= children in general)

• I don’t want any sugar in my coffee.

• Some books are better than other books.

• He has no friends.

• All countries have similar problems. (= cities in general)

• Most people drive too fast. (NOT most of people)

• Some birds can’t fly. (NOT some of birds)

When we are being specific about something or a situation, we will use Group B + of + Group A

• Most of the children at this school are under 11 years old. (= a specific group of children)

• I don’t want any of this coffee, it tastes terrible. (= a specific coffee)

• Some of these books are very old.

• None of my family live near me.

When we use all we can say all the … or all of the …; there is no difference in meaning

• All the students in our class passed the exam.
  All of the students in our class passed the exam.

• Amy has lived in London all her life.
  Amy has lived in London all of her life.

Section C

We need of before it, them, us, you when we use all, most, some, any and none

• You can have some of this cake, but not all of it.

• A: Do you know those people?
  B: Most of them, but not all of them.

• Some of us are going out tonight. Why don’t you come with us.

• I have a lot of books, but I haven’t read any of them.

• A: How many of these books have you read?
  B: None of them.

Lesson Notes

• Putter around; (phrase) to spend time doing small, unimportant tasks in a leisurely or aimless manner

• I spent the morning puttering around the garden, pulling a few weeds and checking on the plants.

• My son likes to putter around in his workshop, tinkering with old tools and gadgets.

• Money is an uncountable noun, so we can use “this money” or “that money” but we cannot say “these money”

All and All of

• In many cases, "all" and "all of" can be used interchangeably as determiners to indicate the whole or entirety of something.

• "all the students" and "all of the students” - both refer to every single student in a particular group

• "all the cake" and "all of the cake" both refer to the entire cake.

• However, there are some situations where "all of" must be used instead of "all". For example, "all of the sudden" is the correct phrase, while "all the sudden" is not grammatically correct.

Half and Half of

• We can use half or half of before a noun

• Half (of) my friends live overseas.

• She spends half (of) her time travelling.

• We use half of before pronouns

• A: Did you like the books?
  B: I’ve only read half of them.

• Half of us are free on Tuesdays, and the other half on Thursdays.