Line英会話クラス
Lesson Plan April 11, 2025
Topic: Relative Clauses (-ing & -ed)
A clause is a part of a sentence. Some clauses being with -ing or -ed
Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
Section A: -ing
We use ing clauses to say what somebody (or something) is (or was) doing at a particular time
Do you know the boy riding the bicycle? (= the boy is riding the bicycle)
Police investigating the crime are looking for three men. (= police are investigating the crime)
Who were those people waiting outside? (= they were waiting)
I was woken up by an emergency alarm ringing. (= an emergency alarm was ringing)
You can also use an -ing clause to say what happens all the time, not just at a particular time
The road connecting the two village is very narrow. (= the road connects the two villages)
I have an office overlooking the garden. ( = the office overlooks the garden)
Can you think of the name of a flower beginning with T? (= the name begins with T)
Section B: -ed
-ed clauses have a passive meaning.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital. (= he was injured in the accident)
George showed me some pictures painted by his father. (= they had been painted by his father)
Injured and painted are past participles. Note that many past participles are irregular and do not end in -ed
The police never found the gold stolen in the robbery.
Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
Lesson Notes
Words & Phrases
I am doing alright, but feel a little slow today.
“I’m doing alright, just feeling a bit slow today.”
“I’m okay, but I feel a little sluggish today.”
Sluggish (adj); Moving slowly or lacking energy, speed, or activity.
I felt sluggish all day after staying up too late.
The car was sluggish in the cold weather and took longer to start.
Sales have been sluggish this month compared to last.
I am feeling a bit dull today.
“I’m feeling a little slow today.”
“I’m a bit low-energy today.”
Dull (adj); not sharp (like a blade), not interesting or exciting, not bright or intense (like colours or sounds)
The knife is too dull to cut the vegetables properly.
It was a dull day at work with nothing exciting happening.
The colours in the painting looked dull after years of sun exposure.
Relative Clauses (-ing & -ed)
“She looked at the photo hanging on the wall at the new exhibit at the museum."
Use “hanging” when talking about what something is doing now.
“The photo is hanging on the wall.”
Use “hung” when you want to say someone put it there.
“He hung the photo on the wall.”
"The car parked in front of the house belongs to my son.”
We cannot use “park” as a base form in this kind of sentence.
We cannot use “parking”, this means “doing the action,” but cars don’t park themselves
We cannot use “parks” as a present tense verb in this kind of sentence.
