Line英会話クラス
Lesson Plan March 21, 2025
Topic: Relative Clauses (Intro)
Section A: Uses and examples
Who
We use who when we are talking about people
Do you know the woman who is standing over there?
Which
We use which when we are talking about things
I’ve never eaten a pizza which tastes so good!
Where
We use where when we are talking about place
I can’t remember the name of the hotel where we stayed.
Whose
We use whose instead of his / her / their
I met a guy whose name was McDonald. (= I met a guy. His name was McDonald.)
That
We can use that instead of who or which
Do you know the woman that is standing over there?
I’ve never eaten a pizza that tastes so good!
Section B: Important Points
That is more usual than which in these types of relative clauses.
We do not use what in relative clauses.
I’ve never eaten a pizza what that tastes so good!
What = ‘the thing(s) that
What I wanted was out of stock. (= The thing that I wanted was out of stock)
I can’t decide what to buy.
When who / that / which is the object of the verb, we can leave it out
They didn’t have the shirt that I wanted to buy
They didn’t have the shirt I wanted to buy.
In the above sentence, that (= the shirt) is the object of the verb wanted. But if who / that / which is the subject of the very, we cannot leave it out.
Do you know the woman who is standing over there? (NOT Do you know the woman is standing over there?)
Lesson Notes
Words & Phrases
The Japanese apricots have finished blooming.
Cherry blossoms are starting to bloom.
My camellia is in bloom.
“How are you renovating the exterior?” (NOT how do you renovate)
It’s natural to say it this way, because the house owner is arranging and deciding on the renovations.
“What kind of exterior renovations are you doing?”
“What renovations are you having done on the exterior?”
Grammar
Use “at” to talk about a specific place, point in time, or event.
Place: “I’m at the park.”
Time: “I’ll see you at 5 PM.”
Event: “She’s at a conference.”
Short Dialogues
A: My house's exterior renovation work started this morning.
B: How are you renovating the exterior?
A: All the walls, but not the roof.
B: Are you changing the house siding or repainting?
A: Repainting.
B: Wow, that’s a big deal.
Relative Clauses (Intro)
A relative clause tells use which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker is talking about
The woman who lives next door … (‘who lives next door’ tells us which woman
People who live in the countryside … (‘who live in the countryside’ tells us what kind of people)
An architect is someone who designs buildings.
What was the name of the person who phoned?
Where is the cheese which was in the fridge?
Grace works for a company that makes furniture. (= Grace works for a company. It makes furniture) (NOT Graces makes furniture. She works at a company)
